• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The main object of the invention is a light photovoltaic module (1) comprising: a first transparent layer (2) forming the front face, photovoltaic cells (4), an assembly encapsulating (3) the photovoltaic cells (4), and a second layer (5) forming the rear face having inner (8i) and outer (8e) surfaces, the encapsulating assembly (3) and the photovoltaic cells (4) being located between the first (2) and second (5) ) layers, characterized in that the first layer (2) is made of glass and / or polymeric material and has a thickness (e2) less than or equal to 1.1 mm, in that the inner (8i) and outer surfaces (8e) are substantially planar, and in that the second layer (5) comprises a rear panel (5, 5b) of composite material, comprising a core (9a) and two plates (9b, 9c), arranged on both sides. other of the soul (9a), the soul having a honeycomb structure (12).
    公开号:FR3043840A1
    申请号:FR1560982
    申请日:2015-11-16
    公开日:2017-05-19
    发明作者:Julien Gaume；Paul Lefillastre；Gilles Goaer；Quang Nam Le；Samuel Williatte
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；EDF ENR PWT SAS；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    LIGHTWEIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE HAVING FRONT GLASS OR POLYMER LAYER AND ALVEOLAR REAR LAYER
    DESCRIPTION
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic modules, which comprise a set of photovoltaic cells interconnected electrically, and preferably photovoltaic cells called "crystalline", that is to say which are based on monocrystalline silicon or multicrystalline. The invention can be implemented for many applications, being particularly concerned with applications that require the use of lightweight photovoltaic modules, in particular with a weight per unit area of less than or equal to 7 kg / m 2, especially lower or equal to 6 kg / m2, or even 5 kg / m2, and having mechanical strength properties complying with the standards IEC 61215 and IEC 61730. It can thus be applied in particular for buildings such as habitats or industrial premises (tertiary, commercial , ...), for example for the realization of their roofs, for the design of street furniture, for example for public lighting, road signs or charging of electric cars, or even be used for nomadic applications , especially for integration on cars, buses or boats, among others. The invention thus proposes a photovoltaic module comprising a first layer forming the front face of the module, made of glass and / or of polymer material, and a second layer forming the rear face of the module, comprising a rear panel provided with a core with a honeycomb structure, as well as a method for producing such a photovoltaic module.
    STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
    A photovoltaic module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side between a first transparent layer forming a front face of the photovoltaic module and a second layer forming a rear face of the photovoltaic module.
    The first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module is advantageously transparent to allow the photovoltaic cells to receive a luminous flux. It is traditionally made in a single glass plate, having a thickness typically between 2 and 4 mm, typically of the order of 3 mm.
    The second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module can for its part be made of glass, metal or plastic, among others. It is often formed by a polymeric structure based on an electrical insulating polymer, for example of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyamide (PA) type, which can be protected by one or more layers based on fluorinated polymers, such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and having a thickness of the order of 400 pm.
    The photovoltaic cells can be electrically connected to each other by front and rear electrical contact elements, called connecting conductors, and formed for example by tinned copper strips, respectively arranged against the front faces (faces facing the face before the photovoltaic module intended to receive a luminous flux) and rear (faces facing the rear face of the photovoltaic module) of each of the photovoltaic cells.
    Moreover, the photovoltaic cells, located between the first and second layers respectively forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module, can be encapsulated. In a conventional manner, the encapsulant chosen corresponds to a polymer of the elastomer (or rubber) type, and may for example consist of the use of two layers (or films) of poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA) between which the photovoltaic cells and the cell connecting conductors are arranged. Each encapsulant layer may have a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and a Young's modulus typically between 2 and 400 MPa at room temperature.
    A conventional example of a photovoltaic module 1 comprising crystalline photovoltaic cells 4 has thus been partially and schematically represented, respectively in section in FIG. 1 and in exploded view in FIG.
    As previously described, the photovoltaic module 1 comprises a front face 2, generally made of transparent tempered glass with a thickness of about 3 mm, and a rear face 5, for example constituted by a transparent or opaque, monolayer or multilayer polymer sheet. , having a Young's modulus greater than 400 MPa at room temperature.
    Between the front faces 2 and rear 5 of the photovoltaic module 1 are the photovoltaic cells 4, electrically connected to each other by connecting conductors 6 and immersed between two front layers 3a and 3b of encapsulation material forming both a set encapsulating 3.
    Furthermore, Figures 1 and 2 also show the junction box 7 of the photovoltaic module 1, intended to receive the wiring necessary for the operation of the module. Conventionally, this junction box 7 is made of plastic or rubber, and has a complete seal.
    In the usual way, the method for producing the photovoltaic module 1 comprises a so-called vacuum lamination step of the various layers described above, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C., even 140 ° C. or even 150 ° C., and lower. or equal to 170 ° C, typically between 145 and 160 ° C, and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, or even 15 minutes.
    During this lamination step, the layers of encapsulation material 3a and 3b melt and come to encompass the photovoltaic cells 4, at the same time as the adhesion is created at all the interfaces between the layers, namely between the front face 2 and the encapsulation material front layer 3a, the encapsulation material layer 3a and the front faces 4a of the photovoltaic cells 4, the back faces 4b of the photovoltaic cells 4 and the back layer of encapsulation material 3b, and the layer rear of encapsulation material 3b and the rear face 5 of the photovoltaic module 1. The photovoltaic module 1 obtained is then framed, typically through an aluminum profile.
    Such a structure has now become a standard which has a high mechanical strength thanks to the use of a thick glass front face 2, allowing it in most cases to comply with the standards IEC 61215 and IEC 61730. Nevertheless, such a structure photovoltaic module 1 according to the conventional design of the prior art has the disadvantage of having a high weight, particularly a weight per unit area of about 12 kg / m2, and is thus not suitable for certain applications for which lightness is a priority.
    This high weight of the photovoltaic module 1 comes mainly from the presence of the thick glass, with a thickness of about 3 mm, to form the front face 2, the density of the glass being indeed high, of the order of 2.5 kg / m2 / mm thickness. In order to withstand the constraints during manufacture and also for safety reasons, for example because of the risk of cutting, the glass is tempered. However, the industrial infrastructure of thermal quenching is configured to process glass at least 3 mm thick. In addition, the choice of having a glass thickness of about 3 mm is also related to a standard pressure strength of 5.4 kPa. As a result, the glass alone accounts for almost 70% of the weight of the photovoltaic module 1, and more than 80% with the aluminum frame around the photovoltaic module 1.
    Also, in order to obtain a significant reduction in the weight of a photovoltaic module to allow its use in new applications demanding in terms of lightness, there is a need to find an alternative solution to the use of a thick glass about 3 mm on the front of the module.
    For this, solutions have been proposed in the patent literature to develop other types of light and flexible photovoltaic modules, devoid of a metal frame, from cells based on the alloy CIGS (copper, indium, gallium and selenide) or based on thin-film silicon, while replacing the glass on the front face with lighter and thinner polymer materials. Thus, for example, patent application FR 2 955 051 A1, patent application US 2005/0178428 A1 or international applications WO 2008/019229 A2 and WO 2012/140585 A1.
    The photovoltaic modules obtained have a much lower surface weight than photovoltaic modules conventionally made with thick glass on the front face. However, their mechanical properties are not sufficient to withstand the constraints, particularly mechanical, imposed in particular by the IEC 61215 standard. Other solutions of the prior art relate to the use of a thin glass on the front face of the photovoltaic module. . This thin glass can be applied to the photovoltaic module provided that it has been previously "hardened" by the chemical quenching process. It is then possible to obtain in a simple manner a significant weight gain. International applications WO 2010/019829 A1, WO 2013/024738 A1 and WO 2008/139975 A1, as well as European patent application EP 2 404 321 A1, can thus be cited in this regard.
    However, the simple replacement of thick glass about 3 mm thick by a thin glass on the front of the photovoltaic module has the effect of degrading the mechanical strength properties of the module, so that it no longer has a structure sufficient to withstand the stresses, especially mechanical, imposed in particular by the IEC 61215 standard.
    To overcome this problem, some solutions then provide for reinforcing the rear face of the photovoltaic module, provided with a metal frame, using metal sleepers in order to avoid bending when subjected to a mechanical load . For example, the European patent application EP 2 702 613 A1 can be cited. Nevertheless, although these solutions make it possible to reduce the weight of the photovoltaic module while respecting the standards imposed on the mechanical properties, they require a significant reinforcement of the frame and the surface weight of this type of photovoltaic module remains greater than 7 kg / m2 when the thin glass used has a thickness greater than or equal to 1.1 mm.
    STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    There is thus a need to design an alternative photovoltaic module solution designed to be light enough to adapt to certain applications, while having mechanical properties that enable it to comply with IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 standards. is intended to at least partially remedy the needs mentioned above and the disadvantages relating to the achievements of the prior art. The invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a photovoltaic module comprising: a first transparent layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module, intended to receive a luminous flux, a plurality of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side, side and electrically connected to each other, - an assembly encapsulating the plurality of photovoltaic cells, - a second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module, the second layer having an inner surface, in contact with the encapsulating assembly, and an outer surface, opposed to the inner surface, the encapsulating assembly and the plurality of photovoltaic cells being located between the first and second layers, characterized in that the first layer is made of glass and / or at least one polymeric material and has a lower thickness or equal to 1.1 mm, in that the inner and outer surfaces of the second layer are sensibl planes, and in that the second layer further comprises a rear layer forming a rear panel of composite material, comprising a main underlayer, forming the core of the rear panel, and two covering sub-layers, each forming a plate of the rear panel, disposed on either side of the core so that the core is sandwiched between the two plates, the core of the rear panel having a honeycomb structure.
    Thus, advantageously, the principle of the invention consists both in replacing the standard thick glass of a thickness of about 3 mm, usually used in a conventional photovoltaic module, with a thinner first layer of glass and or at least one polymeric material, and modifying the rear face of the photovoltaic module to predict the presence of a cellular structure.
    As will be explained later through the preferred embodiments of the invention, the second layer of the photovoltaic module can be formed in one or more parts, namely that it can consist of a single layer, monolayer or multilayer, comprising said cellular structure or in an assembly comprising at least two layers, one of which comprises said honeycomb structure, each of said at least two layers being monolayer or multilayer, and whose meeting forms the second layer. In particular, the second layer in the form of a single portion may consist of a cellular reinforcement disposed in contact with the encapsulating assembly, while the second layer in the form of several parts may consist of a first layer, monolayer or multilayer, similar a layer forming the rear face of a photovoltaic module according to the conventional design of the prior art, and a second layer in the form of a cellular reinforcement.
    The term "transparent" means that the material of the first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module is at least partially transparent to visible light, allowing at least about 80% of this light to pass through.
    In addition, by the term "encapsulant" or "encapsulated", it should be understood that the plurality of photovoltaic cells is arranged in a volume, for example hermetically sealed vis-à-vis liquids, at least partly formed by at least two layers of encapsulation material, joined together after lamination to form the encapsulating assembly.
    Indeed, initially, that is to say before any lamination operation, the encapsulating assembly consists of at least two layers of encapsulation material, called core layers, between which the plurality of photovoltaic cells is encapsulated. However, during the layer lamination operation, the layers of encapsulation material melt to form, after the lamination operation, only one layer (or set) solidified in which are embedded the photovoltaic cells.
    Thanks to the invention, it may thus be possible to obtain a new type of rigid photovoltaic module, having a weight substantially less than that of a conventional photovoltaic module as described above, in particular almost twice the weight of a conventional photovoltaic module. conventional module, namely a weight less than or equal to 7 kg / m2, or 6 kg / m2, or even 5 kg / m2, against about 12 kg / m2 for a conventional module. In addition, the photovoltaic module proposed by the invention retains mechanical properties equivalent to those of traditional photovoltaic modules using a thick glass about 3 mm thick on the front face.
    The photovoltaic module according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken separately or in any possible technical combination.
    Preferably, the rear panel, in particular the honeycomb structure, is devoid of relief projecting relative to its surface.
    The first layer may be made of glass, and in particular tempered glass, textured or non-textured.
    The first layer may also be made of at least one polymeric material, for example textured or non-textured, in particular chosen from: polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), in particular single-phase PMMA (non-shock) or PMMA multi-phased (shock), for example nanostructured shock PMMA, such as that marketed by Altuglas® under the trademark Altuglas® Shield-Up®, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), a polymer fluoro, especially polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and / or polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE).
    According to a first embodiment of the invention, the second layer may consist of an assembly of at least a first rear layer, in contact with the encapsulating assembly, and a second alveolar rear layer so that the first rear layer is disposed between the encapsulating assembly and the second alveolar back layer, the inner surface of the second layer being formed by the inner surface, in contact with the encapsulating assembly, of the first back layer and the outer surface of the second layer being formed by the outer surface of the second alveolar back layer, which forms the back panel comprising the core provided with the honeycomb structure.
    The second layer may further comprise an adhesive layer between the first rear layer and the second alveolar back layer, to allow the assembly of the second alveolar back layer to the first back layer.
    By "adhesive layer" is meant a layer allowing, once the assembly formed by the first layer, the encapsulating assembly, the photovoltaic cells and the first rear layer formed, to the second alveolar back layer to adhere to the first back layer. This is a layer for chemical compatibility and adhesion between the first back layer and the second alveolar back layer. In particular, the adhesive layer may in particular be a silicone adhesive. The adhesive layer may also be a pressure sensitive adhesive, also called PSA for "Pressure Sensitive Adhesive". PSA is composed of an elastomer base having a low molecular weight thermoplastic tacky resin, for example of the ester type. The elastomer base is for example an acrylic, a rubber (butyl, natural or silicone), a nitrile, a styrene block copolymer (SBC) (for example, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene / butylene sturene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene / propylene (SEP), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS)) or a vinyl ether. The elastomer base may also be ethylene-vinyl acetate, or EVA for "Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate" in English, with a high level of vinyl acetate.
    Furthermore, the first back layer may comprise a single or multilayer polymer film.
    Preferably, the first rear layer comprises a film of the Tedlar® / polyethylene terephthalate (PET) / Tedlar® (or TPT) type. The first back layer may also comprise a polyolefin-based polymer film, in particular a coextruded multilayer film based on polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and polyethylene (PE), for example a film of the Reflexolar® range marketed by the Renolit company. The first back layer may also comprise a polymer film based on polyamide grafted polyolefins, for example a film obtained from the Jurasol BS1 range marketed by Juraplast.
    In general, the first back layer can still be made as in the back layer of a photovoltaic module of conventional design, namely based on glass, metal or plastic, among others. It may for example be formed by a polymeric structure based on an electrically insulating polymer, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) or polypropylene (PP) which can be protected by one or more layers based on fluorinated polymers, such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
    In addition, the first back layer may have a thickness of between 150 and 600 μm, in particular of the order of 400 μm.
    Advantageously, the first rear layer has an inner surface, in contact with the encapsulating assembly, substantially flat and an outer surface, in contact with the second substantially cellular planar rear layer.
    Advantageously, the second alveolar back layer forms a mechanical reinforcement fixed to the first rear layer. In other words, it forms a part ensuring the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic module.
    Preferably, the dimensions of the second alveolar rear layer are at least equal to the dimensions of the first layer of the photovoltaic module.
    According to a second embodiment of the invention, the second rear layer may be constituted by a single alveolar rear layer, in contact with the encapsulating assembly, forming the rear panel comprising the core provided with the honeycomb structure.
    In general, the core of the rear panel may comprise a cellular structure in the form of a honeycomb, in particular made of metal, for example aluminum, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP) or synthetic fibers high performance, for example Nomex® type.
    In a variant, the core of the rear panel may comprise a cellular structure in the form of foam, in particular made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyurethane (PU). Such a structure can also be called cell structure, for example closed cell.
    In addition, the plates of the rear panel may be made of composite material, for example of prepreg type (also called prepeg) based on glass fibers and epoxy resin, metal, especially aluminum, polycarbonate (PC) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
    The plates of the rear panel may, if necessary, be covered with a single or multilayer polymer film, for example of the Tedlar® type.
    Furthermore, the photovoltaic module advantageously has a surface weight of less than or equal to 7 kg / m 2, especially less than or equal to 6 kg / m 2, especially still less than or equal to 5 kg / m 2. Preferably, such a photovoltaic module comprises, for example, about sixty crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells of dimension 156 mm × 156 mm. The invention is however not limited to a fixed number of cells and could be applied to modules having more or fewer cells.
    In addition, the rear panel may have a basis weight less than or equal to 3 kg / m 2, especially less than or equal to 2 kg / m 2, especially still less than or equal to 1 kg / m 2.
    In addition, the second back layer may comprise a plurality of attachment zones, intended to allow the attachment of the photovoltaic module to support crosspieces to form a panel of photovoltaic modules.
    The attachment zones may advantageously be configured to allow spacing of said support rails, for example between 735 and 1045 mm.
    Furthermore, the second layer may comprise means for reinforcing at least one attachment zone, in particular all the attachment zones, comprising in particular a composite material, for example an epoxy / glass-type mixture, wood, a thermosetting polymer, metal, for example aluminum, among others.
    In addition, the second layer may comprise means for reinforcing at least one of its longitudinal edges, in particular of its two longitudinal edges, intended to reinforce the resistance of the second layer during a hot lamination step, comprising in particular a polymeric material, for example epoxy, wood or metal, for example aluminum, among others.
    In addition, the encapsulant assembly can be made from at least one polymeric material selected from: acid copolymers, ionomers, poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), vinyl acetals, such as polyvinyl butyrals (PVB), polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, polyethylenes, such as linear low density polyethylenes, elastomeric polyolefins of copolymers, α-olefin copolymers and α-, β-acid esters. carboxylic to ethylenic, such as ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers, silicone elastomers and / or epoxy resins, among others.
    Preferably, the encapsulant assembly can be made from two layers of polyethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) with a thickness of at least 200 μm, between which the photovoltaic cells are arranged.
    The photovoltaic cells may be chosen from: homojunction or heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) and / or multi-crystalline (mc-Si), and / or photovoltaic cells comprising at least one of silicon amorphous (a-Si), microcrystalline silicon (pC-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium selenide (CIS) and copper-indium / gallium diselenide (CIGS), among others.
    Moreover, the photovoltaic cells may have a thickness of between 1 and 300 μm.
    The photovoltaic module may further include a junction box, intended to receive the wiring necessary for the operation of the photovoltaic module.
    The junction box can be integrated in the thickness of the back panel, especially in the thickness of the core of the back panel.
    At least a portion of the wiring connected to the junction box may pass through the back panel plate opposite the back panel plate forming the rear exterior face of the photovoltaic module.
    In addition, the junction box may include bypass diodes.
    Moreover, even though the first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module is transparent, the second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module may or may not be transparent, being in particular opaque.
    In addition, the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic cells, or consecutive or adjacent cells, may be greater than or equal to 1 mm, in particular between 1 and 30 mm, and preferably equal to 3 mm.
    In addition, the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, to a method of producing a photovoltaic module as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the step of hot lamination at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, at least a portion of the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module.
    According to a first variant, the method can be implemented for producing a photovoltaic module according to the first embodiment of the invention described above, and can then comprise the following two successive steps: a) hot lamination, with a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, of the assembly formed by the first layer, the encapsulating assembly, the photovoltaic cells and the first back layer for the obtaining a photovoltaic laminate, b) assembling the second rear layer on said photovoltaic laminate, in particular on the first rear layer, by means of an adhesive layer.
    According to a second variant, the method can still be implemented for producing a photovoltaic module according to the second embodiment of the invention described above, and can then comprise the single hot lamination step, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, of the assembly formed by the first layer, the encapsulating assembly, the photovoltaic cells and the second layer.
    As indicated above, the second layer may comprise a plurality of attachment zones, intended to allow the attachment of the photovoltaic module to support crosspieces to form a panel of photovoltaic modules, and then the method may comprise the local reinforcement step of at least one fastening zone, in particular all the fastening zones, by means of reinforcement means, comprising in particular a composite material, for example an epoxy / glass bead mixture, wood, a thermosetting polymer, metal, for example aluminum, among others.
    Furthermore, the method may further include the step of locally reinforcing at least one of the longitudinal edges, in particular the two longitudinal edges, of the second layer by means of reinforcement means, intended to reinforce the resistance of the second layer. during the hot lamination step, comprising in particular a polymeric material, for example epoxy, wood or metal, for example aluminum, among others.
    In addition, the method may include the step of integrating a junction box, intended to receive the wiring necessary for the operation of the photovoltaic module, in the thickness of the rear panel, in particular in the thickness of the soul of the back panel. The step of integrating the junction box into the thickness of the rear panel may comprise the following successive steps: a) machining a portion of the plate forming the rear exterior face of the photovoltaic module and the honeycomb structure to form an insertion cavity of the junction box, b) positioning of the bottom of the junction box in said insertion cavity, c) placing at least a portion of the wiring connected to the junction box through the plate opposite to the plate forming the rear exterior face of the photovoltaic module, d) placing bypass diodes in the junction box and closing the junction box.
    The photovoltaic module and the production method according to the invention may comprise any of the previously mentioned characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination with other characteristics.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, as well as the examination of the figures, schematic and partial, of the accompanying drawing, in which: - Figure 1 shows, in section, a conventional photovoltaic module example comprising crystalline photovoltaic cells, - Figure 2 shows, in exploded view, the photovoltaic module of Figure 1, - Figure 3 illustrates, in section and in exploded view, a first exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to the invention, - Figures 4A to 4C illustrate, in section and in an assembled view, different steps of a first example of a method according to the invention. to the invention for the realization of a photovoltaic module similar to that of Figure 3, - Figure 5 illustrates, in section and in exploded view, a second embodiment of a photovoltaic module co According to the invention, FIG. 6 illustrates, in section and in assembled view, a step of a second exemplary method according to the invention for producing a photovoltaic module similar to that of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 illustrates, in section, an alternative embodiment of the honeycomb structure of the core of a rear panel of a photovoltaic module according to the invention; FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C illustrate, in section, various embodiments of a rear panel with a honeycomb core of a photovoltaic module according to the invention, - Figures 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D illustrate, in section, different embodiments of a panel rear view with a foam core of a photovoltaic module according to the invention, - Figure 10 shows, in bottom view, the rear face of the second layer of a particular embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to the invention. invention, realized according to the principle of the second embodiment described with reference to FIG. 5, FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of zone A of FIG. 10, FIG. 12 illustrates, in section and in exploded view, the photovoltaic module of FIGS. 11, - Figure 13 shows, in bottom view, the rear face of a second layer of a photovoltaic module according to the invention, incorporating a junction box, and - Figures 14A to 14D illustrate, in section, different steps of integration of the junction box in the second layer of Figure 13.
    In all of these figures, identical references may designate identical or similar elements.
    In addition, the different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily in a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.
    DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
    Figures 1 and 2 have already been described in the section relating to the state of the prior art.
    Figures 3, 4A, 4B and 4C refer to a first embodiment of the invention, while Figures 5 and 6 refer to a second embodiment of the invention.
    For each of these two embodiments, it is considered that the photovoltaic cells 4, interconnected by soldered tinned copper strips, are "crystalline" cells, that is to say which are based on single or multicristaHin silicon, and they have a thickness between 1 and 300 μιτι.
    In addition, the encapsulating assembly 3 is chosen to be made from two layers of poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA) between which the photovoltaic cells 4 are arranged, each layer having a minimum thickness of 300 μm. , even 200 pm. Alternatively, this encapsulating assembly 3 may also be a thermoplastic elastomer as previously described. Where appropriate, one or both layers forming the encapsulant assembly 3 may be stained.
    Furthermore, although not shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, each photovoltaic module 1 may comprise a junction box, similar to the junction box 7 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, intended to receive the wiring necessary for the operation. photovoltaic module 1, or else integrated in the rear panel 5, 5b as will be described later with reference to Figures 13 to 14D. This junction box can be made of plastic or rubber, being completely waterproof.
    The photovoltaic cells 4, the encapsulating assembly 3 and the junction box 7 together constitute the so-called "incompressible" elements in the constitution of the photovoltaic module 1. They together have a surface weight of about 1.5 kg / m 2.
    Advantageously, the invention provides a specific choice for the materials forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module 1, so as to obtain a light photovoltaic module 1, of surface weight less than or equal to 7 kg / m 2, and preferably lower or equal to 6 kg / m2, or even 5 kg / m2. In particular, the invention allows the removal of the thick glass layer, about 3 mm thick, at the front and the removal of the metal frame of the photovoltaic module, which together typically allow to provide rigidity photovoltaic module, but usually together represent about 80% of the total weight of a photovoltaic module.
    Thus, in the two embodiments described below, the first layer 2 forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 1 is a glass layer of thickness e2 less than 1.1 mm, previously "hardened" by the quenching process chemical.
    Of course, these choices are in no way limiting as previously described.
    Advantageously, the invention makes it possible to obtain a new photovoltaic module architecture that is lighter and thinner than a conventional photovoltaic module and meets the load tests of the IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 standards. This architecture is obtained by replacing the face traditional rear, also called "backsheet" in English, or by adding to the traditional rear face of a rear panel formed of two plates sandwiching a honeycomb core, sufficiently rigid for this panel alone ensures the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic module. First embodiment
    Referring first to Figure 3 which illustrates, in section and exploded view, a first embodiment of a photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention.
    It should be noted that FIG. 3 corresponds to an exploded view of the photovoltaic module 1 before the lamination steps of the first example method according to the invention, described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4C. Once the lamination steps performed, ensuring hot pressing and vacuum, the different layers are actually superimposed on each other.
    The photovoltaic module 1 thus comprises a first transparent thin-film layer 2 and / or at least one polymer material having a thickness of less than or equal to 1.1 mm, forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 1 and intended to receive a luminous flux, a plurality of photovoltaic cells 4 arranged side by side and electrically connected to each other, and an assembly encapsulating the plurality of photovoltaic cells 4.
    According to the invention, the photovoltaic module 1 further comprises a second layer 5 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 1, this second layer 5 being in this example constituted by a set of a first rear layer 5a, in contact with the encapsulating assembly 3, and a second alveolar rear layer 5b so that the first rear layer 5a is disposed between the encapsulating assembly 3 and the second alveolar rear layer 5b.
    The inner surface 8i, in contact with the encapsulating assembly 3, of the first rear layer 5a is substantially flat so as to allow adhesion of the first rear layer 5a to the encapsulating assembly 3 during the lamination operation described later.
    Similarly, the outer surface 8e of the second alveolar rear layer 5b is substantially planar so that the photovoltaic module 1 has a substantially flat outer rear surface, with a final appearance without relief.
    In addition, according to the invention, the second alveolar rear layer 5b takes the form of a rear panel 5b, made of composite material. This rear panel 5b comprises a main sub-layer 9a forming the core 9a of the rear panel 5b, and two overlapping sub-layers forming front plates 9b and rear 9c of the rear panel 5b, disposed on either side of the rear panel 5b. 9a soul so that the core 9a is sandwiched between the two plates 9b, 9c. Advantageously, the core 9a of the rear panel 5b comprises a honeycomb structure 12, here in the form of a honeycomb. However, other forms of alveolar structure are possible as will appear below.
    Moreover, in order to allow adhesion between the first rear layer 5a and the second alveolar rear layer 5b forming a cellular rear panel 5b, this assembly 5 forming the second layer further comprises an adhesive layer 10 between the first rear layer 5a and the second alveolar back layer 5b. In a preferred manner, this adhesive layer 10 may be a silicone adhesive.
    The first back layer 5a can be made similarly to the back layer of a conventional photovoltaic module 1. Preferably, the first back layer 5a is chosen to be a monolayer or multilayer polymer film, in particular of the Tedlar® / polyethylene terephthalate (PET) / Tedlar® type, also called TPT. The thickness e5a of this first rear layer 5a can be between 150 and 600 μιτι, being in particular of the order of 400 μιτι.
    Advantageously, the first rear layer 5a has an inner surface 8i, in contact with the encapsulating assembly 3, substantially planar and an outer surface, in contact with the second substantially foamed rear layer 5b, substantially flat.
    The dimensions of the second alveolar rear layer 5b are advantageously at least equal to those of the first layer 2 of the photovoltaic module 1.
    FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate, in section and in assembled view, different steps of the first exemplary method according to the invention for producing a photovoltaic module 1 similar to that of FIG. 3.
    FIG. 4A is an isolated illustration of the second alveolar rear layer 5b forming the rear panel 5b, the adhesive layer 10 having been applied to the front plate 9b of the rear panel 5b.
    FIG. 4B illustrates a photovoltaic laminate, obtained after hot lamination at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C. and during a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, comprising the first layer 2, the encapsulating assembly 3 and the photovoltaic cells 4, and the first rear layer 5a.
    FIG. 4C illustrates the step of assembling the photovoltaic laminate of FIG. 4B by bonding the second alveolar rear layer 5b to the first rear layer 5a through the adhesive layer 10.
    In other words, according to this embodiment, a cold bonding is carried out between the laminate illustrated in FIG. 4B and the rear panel 5b illustrated in FIG. 4A.
    Indeed, in the case where the constituent materials of the rear panel 5b have glass transition temperatures or too low melting temperature, typically less than 120 ° C, it is not possible to laminate the rear panel 5b with the other constituent layers 2, 3, 4 of the photovoltaic module 1, at the risk of seeing the cellular core 9 of the rear panel 5b be crushed or deformed during hot pressing. Therefore, in this case, the realization is carried out by cold gluing of a photovoltaic laminate on the rear panel 5b.
    The rear panel 5b has a basis weight less than or equal to 3 kg / m2. The thickness of the core 9a is less than or equal to 40 mm, and the thickness of the plates 9b, 9c is less than 1 mm.
    Second embodiment
    Referring now to Figure 5 which illustrates, in section and exploded view, a second embodiment of a photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention.
    It should also be noted that FIG. 5 corresponds to an exploded view of the photovoltaic module 1 before the lamination step of the second exemplary method according to the invention, described hereinafter with reference to FIG. lamination carried out, ensuring a hot pressing and vacuum, the various layers are actually superimposed on each other.
    The photovoltaic module 1 thus comprises a first transparent thin-film layer 2 and / or at least one polymer material, with a thickness of less than 1.1 mm, forming the front face of the photovoltaic module 1 and intended to receive a luminous flux. , a plurality of photovoltaic cells 4 arranged side by side and electrically connected to each other, and an assembly encapsulating the plurality of photovoltaic cells 4.
    According to the invention, the photovoltaic module 1 further comprises a second layer 5 forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module 1, this second layer 5 being in this example constituted by a single alveolar rear layer 5, in contact with the encapsulant assembly 3, forming the back panel 5.
    The inner surface 8i of this alveolar rear layer 5 is substantially planar so as to allow it to adhere to the encapsulating assembly 3 during the lamination operation, as is the external surface 8e of the alveolar rear layer 5 so that the module photovoltaic 1 has a substantially flat outer rear face, with a final appearance without relief.
    In addition, this alveolar rear layer 5b in the form of a rear panel 5b is made of composite material. This rear panel 5b comprises a main sub-layer 9a forming the core 9a of the rear panel 5b, and two overlapping sub-layers forming front plates 9b and rear 9c of the rear panel 5b, disposed on either side of the rear panel 5b. 9a soul so that the core 9a is sandwiched between the two plates 9b, 9c. Advantageously, the core 9a of the rear panel 5b comprises a honeycomb structure 12, here also in the form of a honeycomb. However, other forms of alveolar structure are possible as will appear below.
    FIG. 6 illustrates, in section, the photovoltaic module 1 obtained during the hot lamination step of the second exemplary method according to the invention.
    During this lamination step, all the layers of the module 1, namely the first layer 2, the encapsulating assembly 3, the photovoltaic cells 4 and the alveolar rear layer 5 forming the rear panel 5 are laminated together to a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes.
    During this single lamination step, the lamination pressure is between 800 mbar and the atmospheric pressure for a membrane laminator, or less than or equal to 3000 mbar for a plate laminator.
    The rear panel 5b has a basis weight less than or equal to 3 kg / m2. The thickness of the core 9a is less than or equal to 40 mm, and the thickness of the plates 9b, 9c is less than 1 mm.
    Referring now to Figures 7 to 9D, we will now describe alternative embodiments of the rear panel 5, 5b, formed of the cellular core 9a sandwiched between the plates 9b and 9c, these variants being applicable to any type of module photovoltaic 1 according to the invention, and in particular of the type of Figure 3 according to the first embodiment of the invention and the type of Figure 5 according to the second embodiment of the invention.
    Thus, as described above with reference to the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 5, the honeycomb structure 12 of the core 9a of the rear panel 5, 5b may be in the form of a honeycomb. It may in particular be made of metal, in particular aluminum, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP) or high-performance synthetic fibers, being for example Nomex® type marketed by the company Du Pont de Nemours.
    As a variant, as illustrated by FIG. 7, the honeycomb structure 12 of the core 9a of the rear panel 5, 5b may comprise a foam, for example a polymer foam, in particular made of polyurethane (PU) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). ), or a metal foam, for example aluminum.
    Furthermore, the front plates 9b and rear 9c of the rear panel 5, 5b may be made of composite material, in particular from fiber-reinforced composite materials (glass, carbon, linen, etc.), and for example of the prepreg fiber type. glass / epoxy, made of metal, for example aluminum, polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or from prepregs.
    When the front plates 9b and rear 9c of the rear panel 5, 5b are electrically conductive, especially metal, and for example aluminum, especially in the case of the front plate 9b can be in contact with the encapsulating assembly 3 in the case of the second embodiment of the invention, the plates 9a and 9b may be covered with a single or multilayer polymer insulating film, for example of the Tedlar® type, to confer the electrical insulation necessary to meet the standards. .
    Furthermore, FIGS. 8A to 9D illustrate the possibilities of providing local reinforcement of the rear panel 5, 5b at its longitudinal edges and / or at the level of the attachment zones 13, intended to allow the fixing of the photovoltaic module 1 to cross supports, as shown in Figure 10 described later.
    FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are specific to the case of a honeycomb structure 12 of the core 9a of the rear panel 5, 5b comprising a honeycomb structure, and FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D are specific to the case of a honeycomb structure 12 of the core 9a of the rear panel 5, 5b comprising a foam structure.
    In FIG. 8A, the rear panel 5, 5b is devoid of any reinforcing means.
    On the other hand, in FIG. 8B, the rear panel 5, 5b comprises means 15 for reinforcing its longitudinal edge 5i, 5bi, designed to reinforce the resistance of the rear panel 5, 5b during the hot lamination step. These reinforcing means 15 comprise for example a polymeric material, for example epoxy.
    In FIG. 8C, the rear panel 5, 5b comprises reinforcing means 14 of the fastening zones 13 enabling the module 1 to be fastened to the support struts to form the panel of photovoltaic modules. These reinforcing means 14 comprise for example a composite material, for example a mixture of epoxy / hollow glass beads type.
    Moreover, in FIG. 9A, the rear panel 5, 5b, provided with a foam core 9a, is devoid of any reinforcement means.
    On the other hand, in FIG. 9C, the rear panel 5, 5b comprises reinforcing means 15 of its longitudinal edge 5i, 5bi intended to reinforce the resistance of the rear panel 5, 5b during the hot lamination step. These reinforcing means 15 comprise for example a polymeric material, for example epoxy. To integrate these reinforcing means 15 to the rear panel 5, 5b, a recess EV is previously made in the foam 12, as shown in Figure 9B.
    Finally, in FIG. 9D, the rear panel 5, 5b includes means 14 for reinforcing the attachment zones 13 for fixing the module 1 to the support rails to form the panel of photovoltaic modules. These reinforcing means 14 comprise for example a composite material, for example a mixture of epoxy / hollow glass beads type. These reinforcing means 14 may be integrated in the rear panel 5, 5b after the formation of a recess, as explained previously with the help of Figure 9B.
    Particular example of realization
    We will now describe a particular embodiment of a photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention, made according to the principle of the second embodiment of the invention, as described above with reference to Figure 5.
    Thus, FIG. 10 represents, in a view from below, the rear face of the second layer 5 of this particular example of photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention, FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of zone A of FIG. and FIG. 12 illustrates, in section and in exploded view, this photovoltaic module 1.
    As can be seen in FIG. 12, the photovoltaic module 1 comprises a front face 2 constituted by a coating of the ECTFE type (acronym for "Ethylene Chloro TriFuror Ethylene") with a thickness of approximately 50 μιτι, an encapsulating assembly 3 a plurality of photovoltaic cells 4 and a second layer 5 forming the rear panel 5. The encapsulating assembly 3 is more precisely obtained from a first polymer-based encapsulant layer 3a, itself comprising two sub-layers polymer, and a second layer of polymer-based encapsulant 3b, itself comprising a first polymer sub-layer 3bl and a second white polymer sub-layer 3b2.
    To achieve this module 1, a single hot lamination step is performed without use of wedge.
    The rear panel 5 comprises a core 9a provided with a honeycomb structure 12 made of Nomex®, and having a thickness e9a of about 15 mm. This core 9a is sandwiched between two front 9b and rear 9c plates, made of epoxy / glass fiber prepregs, with thicknesses e9b and e9c of about 200 μιτι.
    As illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, the rear panel 5 comprises a plurality of attachment zones 13 intended to allow the photovoltaic module 1 to be fastened to support beams to form a panel of photovoltaic modules 1, and configured to allow a spacing of said support rails, for example between 735 and 1045 mm. These attachment zones 13 have been reinforced with reinforcing means 14 comprising a mixture of epoxy / hollow glass beads with a density of about 0.6. In addition, the longitudinal edges 5i and 52 of the back panel 5 have also been reinforced by reinforcing means 15 comprising epoxy.
    Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment of photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention, preferably comprising sixty crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells of dimension 156 mm × 156 mm, the length Lp of the rear panel 5 is about 1685 mm and the width lp of the back panel 5 is about 1025 mm. In addition, the distance Df between a transverse edge 53 or 54 of the rear panel 5 and an adjacent attachment zone 13 is of the order of 300 mm, while the length Lf of a fastening zone 13 is of the order of 200 mm and that the width If of a fastening zone 13 is of the order of 30 mm. According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the front and rear faces of the panel may have the same dimensions, or the rear face of the panel may have a length and a width up to 6 mm higher than those of the face. before.
    Such a photovoltaic module 1 then has a surface weight of about 5.2 kg / m 2, with the presence of a junction box 7 (not shown).
    After a mechanical load test pushed to 7000 Pa, against 5400 Pa for the most severe test of resistance to snow required by the IEC 61215 standard, no crack was detected on the photovoltaic module 1.
    We will now describe with reference to FIGS. 13 to 14D the possibility of integrating a junction box 7 into the thickness of the rear panel 5.
    More precisely, FIG. 13 represents, in a view from below, the rear face of a second layer 5 of a photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention, integrating a junction box 7, and FIGS. 14A to 14D illustrate, in section, different steps of integration of the junction box 7 in the second layer 5 of Figure 13.
    In FIG. 13, it can be seen that the junction box 7 is integrally or partially integrated in the thickness of the rear panel 5, more precisely in the thickness of the honeycomb structure 12 of the core 9a of the rear panel 5. This junction box 7 will allow the interconnection of the photovoltaic modules 1 and also makes it possible to integrate the bypass diodes 18.
    To obtain this integration, the method for producing the photovoltaic module 1 may comprise the following successive steps consisting of: a) starting from the rear panel 5 illustrated in FIG. 14A, machining a portion of the rear plate 9c forming the face rear exterior of the photovoltaic module 1 and the honeycomb structure 12 to form an insertion cavity Cb of the junction box 7, b) and then position the bottom 16 of the junction box 7 in the insertion cavity Cb, as illustrated in FIG. 14B, c) then, as illustrated in FIG. 14C, it is possible to put in place the wiring 17 connected to the junction box 7 through the front plate 9b, d) finally, as illustrated in FIG. 14D, bypass diodes 18 are placed in the junction box 7 and the junction box 7 is closed so that its outer surface substantially matches the outer surface of the junction box 7. rear 9c to ensure a substantially flat surface continuity.
    Advantageously, by the use of a front face of glass of thickness less than or equal to 1.1 mm, or of polymer, the photovoltaic module 1 may have a basis weight of less than or equal to 7 kg / m 2, example in the case of a first glass front layer 2, preferably less than or equal to 6 kg / m2, or even 5 kg / m2, for example in the case of a first front layer 2 comprising a film consisting of a coating ECTFE type, at least almost two times lower than that of a conventional photovoltaic module.
    This significant weight gain can allow the photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention to be installed on applications where a standard module of about 12 kg / m2 could not be applied.
    In addition, by using composite materials to produce the second layer 5, specifically the second back layer 5b and the three-dimensional back layer 5, the photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention retains its mechanical properties to withstand the constraints of IEC standards. 61215 and IEC 61730.
    In addition, the module obtained is compatible with an industrial line manufacturing standard photovoltaic modules.
    Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described. Various modifications may be made by the skilled person.
    权利要求:
    Claims (34)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    Photovoltaic module (1) comprising: - a transparent first layer (2) forming the front face of the photovoltaic module (1), intended to receive a luminous flux, - a plurality of photovoltaic cells (4) arranged side by side and connected to each other. electrically between them, - an encapsulating assembly (3) the plurality of photovoltaic cells (4), - a second layer (5) forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module (1), the second layer (5) comprising an inner surface (8i ), in contact with the encapsulating assembly (3), and an outer surface (8e), opposite to the inner surface (8i), the encapsulating assembly (3) and the plurality of photovoltaic cells (4) being located between the first (2) and second (5) layers, characterized in that the first layer (2) is made of glass and / or at least one polymeric material and has a thickness (e2) less than or equal to 1.1 mm, in that the inner (8i) and outer (8e) surfaces of the a second layer (5) are substantially planar, and in that the second layer (5) further comprises a rear layer forming a rear panel (5, 5b) of composite material, comprising a main underlayer, forming the core (9a) of the rear panel (5, 5b), and two overlapping sub-layers, each forming a plate (9b, 9c) of the rear panel (5, 5b), arranged on either side of the core ( 9a) so that the core (9a) is sandwiched between the two plates (9b, 9c), the core (9a) of the rear panel (5, 5b) having a honeycomb structure (12).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Module according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear panel (5, 5b), in particular the honeycomb structure (12), is devoid of protruding relief relative to its surface.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first layer (2) is made of glass.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first layer (2) is made of at least one polymeric material, in particular chosen from: polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), in particular PMMA single-phase (non-shock) or multi-phased PMMA (shock), for example nanostructured PMMA, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), a fluorinated polymer, especially polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and / or polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer (5) is constituted by a set (5) of at least a first rear layer (5a), in contact with the encapsulating assembly ( 3), and a second honeycombed back layer (5b) so that the first back layer (5a) is disposed between the encapsulating assembly (3) and the second back layer (5b), the inner surface of the second layer (5b). ) being formed by the inner surface (8i), in contact with the encapsulating assembly (3), of the first rear layer (5a) and the outer surface of the second layer (5) being formed by the outer surface (8e) of the second rear layer (5b), which forms the rear panel (5b) comprising the core (9a) provided with the honeycomb structure (12).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Module according to claim 5, characterized in that the second layer (5) further comprises an adhesive layer (10) between the first rear layer (5a) and the second alveolar rear layer (5b), to allow assembly from the second alveolar back layer (5b) to the first back layer (5a).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Module according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the first back layer (5a) is a mono or multilayer polymer film.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Module according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the first rear layer (5a) has a thickness (e5a) between 150 and 600 μιτι, in particular of the order of 400 pm.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Module according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second layer (5) is constituted by a single alveolar rear layer (5) in contact with the encapsulant assembly (3) forming the rear panel (5) comprising the core (9a) provided with the honeycomb structure (12).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (9a) of the rear panel (5, 5b) comprises a cellular structure in the form of a honeycomb, in particular made of metal, for example in aluminum, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP) or high performance synthetic fibers.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the core (9a) of the rear panel (5, 5b) comprises a cellular structure in the form of foam, in particular made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET ) or polyurethane (PU).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates (9b, 9c) of the rear panel (5, 5b) are made of composite material, for example of prepreg type based on glass fibers and epoxy resin, made of metal, for example aluminum, polycarbonate (PC) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or from prepregs.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates (9b, 9c) of the rear panel (5, 5b) are covered with a single or multilayer polymer film.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a basis weight less than or equal to 7 kg / m2, especially less than or equal to 6 kg / m2, especially still less than or equal to 5 kg / m2.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear panel (5, 5b) has a basis weight less than or equal to 3 kg / m2, especially less than or equal to 2 kg / m2, in particular still lower or equal to 1 kg / m2.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer (5) comprises a plurality of attachment zones (13), intended to allow the attachment of the photovoltaic module (1) to cross supports to form a panel of photovoltaic modules ..
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. Module according to claim 16, characterized in that the attachment zones (13) are configured to allow a spacing of said support crosspieces, in particular between 735 and 1045 mm.
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    18. Module according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the second layer (5) comprises reinforcing means (14) of at least one attachment zone (13), comprising in particular a composite material, for example a mixture epoxy type / glass beads, wood, a thermosetting polymer, metal, for example aluminum.
    [19" id="c-fr-0019]
    19. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second layer (5) comprises reinforcing means (15) of at least one of its longitudinal edges (5i, 52), provided to strengthen the resistance the second layer (5) during a hot lamination step, comprising in particular a polymeric material, for example epoxy, wood or metal, for example aluminum.
    [20" id="c-fr-0020]
    20. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the encapsulant assembly (3) is made from at least one polymeric material selected from: acid copolymers, ionomers, poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA), vinyl acetals, such as polyvinyl butyrals (PVB), polyurethanes, polyvinyl chlorides, polyethylenes, such as linear low density polyethylenes, elastomeric polyolefins of copolymers, copolymers of α-olefins and α-, β-carboxylic to ethylenic acid esters, such as ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers, silicone elastomers and / or epoxy resins.
    [21" id="c-fr-0021]
    21. Module according to claim 20, characterized in that the encapsulant assembly (3) is made from two layers of poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA) between which are arranged the photovoltaic cells (4).
    [22" id="c-fr-0022]
    22. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic cells (4) are chosen from: homojunction or heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) and / or multi-crystalline (mc -Si), and / or photovoltaic cells comprising at least one of amorphous silicon (a-Si), microcrystalline silicon (pC-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium selenide (CIS) and copper-indium / gallium diselenide (CIGS).
    [23" id="c-fr-0023]
    23. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic cells (4) have a thickness between 1 and 300 pm.
    [24" id="c-fr-0024]
    24. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a junction box (7) for receiving the wiring necessary for the operation of the photovoltaic module (1).
    [25" id="c-fr-0025]
    25. Module according to claim 24, characterized in that the junction box (7) is integrated in the thickness of the rear panel (5, 5b), in particular in the thickness of the core (9a) of the rear panel ( 5, 5b).
    [26" id="c-fr-0026]
    Module according to claim 25, characterized in that at least a part of the wiring (17) connected to the junction box (7) passes through the plate (9b) of the rear panel (5, 5b) opposite the plate ( 9c) of the rear panel (5, 5b) forming the rear outer face of the photovoltaic module (1).
    [27" id="c-fr-0027]
    27. Module according to one of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the junction box (7) comprises the diodes (18) bypass.
    [28" id="c-fr-0028]
    28. A method of producing a photovoltaic module (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the hot lamination step, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and during a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, of at least part of the constituent layers (2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5a) of the photovoltaic module (1).
    [29" id="c-fr-0029]
    29. Method according to claim 28, characterized in that it is implemented for the production of a photovoltaic module (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 27, except claim 9, and in that it comprises the following two successive steps: a) hot lamination, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and during a lamination cycle time of at least 10 minutes, of the assembly formed by the first layer (2 ), the encapsulating assembly (3), the photovoltaic cells (4) and the first rear layer (5a) for obtaining a photovoltaic laminate, b) assembling the second rear layer (5b) on said photovoltaic laminate, in particular on the first back layer (5a), by means of an adhesive layer (10).
    [30" id="c-fr-0030]
    30. The method of claim 28, characterized in that it is implemented for the realization of a photovoltaic module (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 27, and in that it comprises the unique hot lamination step, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and during a lamination cycle time of at least 10 minutes, of the assembly formed by the first layer (2), the encapsulating assembly (3 ), the photovoltaic cells (4) and the second layer (5).
    [31" id="c-fr-0031]
    31. Method according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the second layer (5) comprises a plurality of fixing areas (13) for allowing the attachment of the photovoltaic module (1) to cross supports for forming a panel of photovoltaic modules, and in that the method comprises the step of local reinforcement of at least one attachment zone (13) by means of reinforcement means (14), in particular comprising a composite material, for example a mixture of epoxy type / glass beads, wood, a thermosetting polymer, metal, for example aluminum.
    [32" id="c-fr-0032]
    32. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that it comprises the step of local reinforcement of at least one of the longitudinal edges (5i, 52) of the second layer (5) through reinforcing means (15), provided for reinforcing the resistance of the second layer (5) during the hot lamination step, comprising in particular a polymeric material, for example epoxy, wood or metal, by example of aluminum.
    [33" id="c-fr-0033]
    33. Method according to any one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that it comprises the step of integrating a junction box (7) for receiving the wiring necessary for the operation of the photovoltaic module. (1), in the thickness of the rear panel (5, 5b), in particular in the thickness of the core (9a) of the rear panel (5, 5b).
    [34" id="c-fr-0034]
    34. The method of claim 33, characterized in that the step of integrating the junction box (7) in the thickness of the rear panel (5, 5b) comprises the following successive steps: a) machining a portion of the plate (9c) forming the rear exterior face of the photovoltaic module (1) and the honeycomb structure (12) to form an insertion cavity (Cb) of the junction box (7), b) positioning of the bottom (16) of the junction box (7) in said insertion cavity (Cb), c) placing at least a portion of the wiring (17) connected to the junction box (7) through the plate (9b) opposite to the plate (9c) forming the rear exterior face of the photovoltaic module (1), d) placing bypass diodes (18) in the junction box (7) and closing the junction box (7).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    WO2017085017A1|2017-05-26|Lightweight photovoltaic module comprising a front layer made from glass or polymer and a rear honeycomb layer
    EP3175488B1|2018-05-16|Photovoltaic module for a rigid carrier
    EP3378102B1|2020-09-09|Lightweight photovoltaic module including a front layer made from glass or polymer and a rear layer comprising raised portions
    EP3776668A1|2021-02-17|Lightweight and flexible photovoltaic module comprising a front layer consisting of a polymer and a rear layer consisting of a composite material
    EP3238273B1|2020-11-25|Photovoltaic module comprising a polymer layer provided with recesses forming expansion joints
    EP3175487B1|2021-03-31|Photovoltaic module comprising a polymer front face
    EP3469634B1|2020-04-01|Method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module
    EP3244456B1|2019-03-27|Photovoltaic module including photovoltaic cells arranged with different orientations and associated photovoltaic system
    EP3859793A1|2021-08-04|Light photovoltaic module comprising a front layer and a rear layer made of composite materials
    EP3657552B1|2021-04-21|Photovoltaic device comprising at least a coating layer which can be sanded on at least a photovoltaic module
    EP3657551A1|2020-05-27|Photovoltaic device comprising at least one coating layer on at least one photovoltaic module with wear indicator
    FR3107990A1|2021-09-10|LIGHTWEIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE FEATURING FRONT AND BACK POLYMER LAYERS AND FIBER REINFORCEMENTS
    EP3321975B1|2019-08-28|Photovoltaic module including an adhesion layerbetween a protective layer and an encapsulating assembly
    FR3081614A1|2019-11-29|PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE COMPRISING ONE OR MORE BYPASS DIODES ON THE BACK SIDE OF A MODULE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
    JP7023851B2|2022-02-22|Lightweight photovoltaic module with front layer made of glass or polymer and back layer with ridges
    EP3175489B1|2020-04-01|Electrical and/or electronic device comprising at least two electrical and/or electronic components each employing two systems for mechanical protection.
    FR3013508A1|2015-05-22|PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE, AND METHOD OF MOUNTING AND REPAIRING
    FR3071682A1|2019-03-29|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE WITH CONTROL OF THE INTER-SERIAL DISTANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3043840B1|2018-09-21|
    WO2017085017A1|2017-05-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US7985919B1|2006-08-18|2011-07-26|Nanosolar, Inc.|Thermal management for photovoltaic devices|
    WO2010019829A1|2008-08-13|2010-02-18|Robert Stancel|Impact resistant thin-glass solar modules|
    US20120174967A1|2011-01-10|2012-07-12|NuvoSun, Inc.|Photovoltaic modules and mounting systems|
    US20140290744A1|2011-11-18|2014-10-02|Giga Solar Fpc|Novel solar modules, supporting layer stacks and methods of fabricating thereof|
    US20140238468A1|2013-02-25|2014-08-28|Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V.|Photovoltaic module assembly|
    WO2015150586A1|2014-04-03|2015-10-08|Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland|Solar panel and method for manufacturing such a solar panel|WO2019002501A1|2017-06-29|2019-01-03|Total Solar|Photovoltaic panel|
    EP3657551A1|2018-11-26|2020-05-27|Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives|Photovoltaic device comprising at least one coating layer on at least one photovoltaic module with wear indicator|
    EP3913688A1|2020-05-19|2021-11-24|The Boeing Company|Solar panel and method for producing thesolar panel|
    US20210367093A1|2020-05-19|2021-11-25|The Boeing Company|Solar panel and method for producing the solar panel|US20050178428A1|2004-02-17|2005-08-18|Solar Roofing Systems Inc.|Photovoltaic system and method of making same|
    EP2046888B1|2006-08-04|2018-02-21|Arkema France|Photovoltaic modules having a polyvinylidene fluoride surface|
    JP4181204B1|2007-05-11|2008-11-12|昭和シェル石油株式会社|Solar cell module|
    US20100224235A1|2009-03-06|2010-09-09|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company|Light weight solar cell modules|
    FR2955051B1|2010-01-14|2013-03-08|Arkema France|HUMIDITY-RESISTANT FILM BASED ON FLUORINATED POLYMER AND INORGANIC OXIDE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION|
    ITPD20110116A1|2011-04-13|2012-10-14|M G Lavorazione Materie Plastiche S P A|MULTI-LAYER POLYMER FILM INSULATED FOR CELLS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES, AND INTEGRATED PROTECTIVE SHEET, TYPE 'BACKSHEET' OR 'FRONTSHEET' INCLUDING SUCH FILM|
    EP2702613A1|2011-04-29|2014-03-05|Tulipps Solar International B.V.|Device, panel holder, and system for generating electric power from solar radiation|
    JP2014207251A|2011-08-12|2014-10-30|フジプレアム株式会社|Solar cell module|
    法律状态:
    2016-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-05-19| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170519 |
    2017-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-11-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1560982A|FR3043840B1|2015-11-16|2015-11-16|LIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE COMPRISING A FRONT GLASS OR POLYMER LAYER AND AN ALVEOLAR REAR LAYER|
    FR1560982|2015-11-16|FR1560982A| FR3043840B1|2015-11-16|2015-11-16|LIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE COMPRISING A FRONT GLASS OR POLYMER LAYER AND AN ALVEOLAR REAR LAYER|
    PCT/EP2016/077587| WO2017085017A1|2015-11-16|2016-11-14|Lightweight photovoltaic module comprising a front layer made from glass or polymer and a rear honeycomb layer|
    [返回顶部]